Why Zappon failed

Elan Lohmann

JSE-listed media company Avusa has decided to close its group-buying business Zappon. It believes the deal-a-day group-buying model, pioneered by the US’s Groupon, is flawed but hasn’t ruled out relaunching a reworked model of the service in future.

Groupon enjoyed early success with the model and this prompted hundreds of copycat sites worldwide. Many analysts have called group buying a fad and predicted its demise due to small margins and the fact that the model relies on the hope of repeat business, limiting the sorts of products and services offered.

Despite negative sentiment since Groupon listed on Nasdaq at the beginning of November, it’s performed fairly well. After listing at US$20/share, it’s been moving in a band around $24.

After announcing its intention to start a group-buying site in January, Avusa rushed Zappon to market and launched it in March. Avusa Digital MD Elan Lohmann, who headed Zappon, says that it seemed imperative to get to market early, but that in hindsight this wasn’t the best decision.

“We started with bad tech,” he says. Zappon’s back-end was built by Indian developers for around R30 000. “Our tech let us down and our hands were tied. We had lots of plans; we wanted to create a long-term solution for suppliers, and a loyalty aspect.”

However, the site’s teething problems — for which it received much criticism — resulted in a “backlog of add-ons and fixes”, which saw the site spend its first three months “backpedalling”. Lohmann says Avusa didn’t want Zappon to be a clone, but that the site didn’t have “the capacity, time, investment or aggression to really push it”.

Lohmann says almost all of Zappon’s staff had short-term contracts and there haven’t been retrenchments. He says the venture was an experiment and staff came on board knowing that from the outset. Some staff members have “migrated” to other roles at Avusa, with others taking positions at group-buying sites like budget airline Kulula’s Daddy’s Deals.

“We just didn’t get it right,” says Lohmann on what caused Avusa to call time on Zappon. “It’s a tough space with a great deal of competition.”

He says Zappon say saw early on that there would be a head-to-head battle for Google keywords in the sector and that Zappon “didn’t want to play in that” and didn’t want “to have to buy visibility”.

One of Zappon’s perceived advantages was its enormous existing advertising audience via Avusa’s various print publications and online platforms. But Lohmann says, print has “never been a great channel for online” and that print advertising didn’t drive the expected numbers to the site. Zappon had about 25 000 registered users as of last week.

Groupon has spent a lot of money “buying audience” because it wants to dominate the sector, says Lohmann. Groupon in January acquired SA’s group-buying leader and e-commerce provider, Twangoo.

“We’ve learnt it’s a business with high acquisition costs and the social media aspect hasn’t taken off,” Lohmann says. He says it’s difficult to get people to push others to take up an offer like a discount at a restaurant but that it’s even more difficult to get suppliers on board with the products that people are willing to encourage their friends to buy, too.

“The whole viral aspect hasn’t taken off. You have to have quality deals and we’ve realised that fewer, better deals might be a better approach than a daily deal.”

Lohmann says the model is problematic because it assumes suppliers will offer a discount in the region of 50%, and the site takes a further 25%, leaving suppliers with only 25% – unless they see repeat business this isn’t sustainable because when repeat business fails to materialise one has to chase new suppliers, which often means compromising on the quality of offerings.

Groupon was originally born out of idea of getting to know your city better, says Lohmann. “We haven’t seen that happen in this market. For example, you’re more likely to run a Spur deal than one for a coffee shop in Melville no one’s heard of”.

Lohmann says he expects a large number of similar sites to fall by the wayside as the market and the model mature. He says he thinks the model needs to be reinvented or reworked if it’s going to be sustainable.

The Zappon project was relatively inexpensive and was well accepted by Avusa management, he adds. Avusa realised it was an experiment and didn’t apply excessive pressure. Lohmann says he thinks it’s a good thing Avusa was willing to take the gamble, even if it didn’t pay off.

“We made some mistakes we’ve learnt from, and there were other areas we underestimated, but you only find that out when you do it,” Lohmann says. “It’s important to try things, but it’s also important to know when to put a halt on them.”  – Craig Wilson, TechCentral

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  • http://tylerreed.com Tyler Reed

    Elan (and Avusa team), I am sure that you will receive some negative feedback. I am sure there are those who will tell you they saw this coming. I will tell you the same thing, but it’s the same thing I say about every new startup / product / service because failure is the default. Therefore I’ll statistically be right more often (which isn’t right at all).

    However, I would like to say kudos for failing, making it public and for failing fast. I don’t think many corporates would have let the product fail within its first year, many would have poured more cash in just to see how far they could go to avoid failure.

    Now that Zappon is defunct you can focus time and attention on new ideas. By failing fast  you’ll be able to innovate and out pace your competitors. I look forward to seeing what is next.

  • http://wogan.me Wogan

    If anything, this should be a cautionary tale about outsourcing your development work to India. Especially for a small amount like that, and then expecting something solid.

  • http://twitter.com/Snapplify Snapplify

    Its awesome to see companies coming out and admitting their mistakes and reasons for failure.  It provides tried and tested advice for those venturing on a new business or thinking about it. Well done Elan and team!

  • http://twitter.com/Suhaifa Suhaifa Naidoo

    Its awesome to see companies coming out and admitting their mistakes and reasons for failure.  It provides tried and tested advice for those venturing on a new business or thinking about it. Well done Elan and team!

  • NoahB

    The whole thing is quite sad. Laaik.it, and others, were started as clones and then closed when Elan was at Naspers. Now the same follows at Avusa. It was plainly obvious that the Groupon model was not suited to South Africa, and while everyone with $99 has started up a Groupon clone, Avusa’s board should’ve had the management maturity to resist the urge.

  • http://twitter.com/elanlohmann elanlohmann

    Firstly thanks to Craig for quoting me accurately: 

    Some other things I would like to share about the experience:  - 

    1.) With Zappon we tried to take a different approach to what would normally happen in a corporate. There was no extra capacity to work on Zappon and I still thought we need to get there fast. When we decided to move on it Groupon had not yet acquired Twangoo – so it looked like a window. – and as such the RACE was on. 

    What I will be proud of despite how it went down was that in a matter of TWO months we built a product, assembled a great team and sold a pipeline of 6 weeks worth on deals at a time when suppliers understood little of the concept. That was 8 weeks of no sleep while we were all doing our normal jobs, ignoring loved ones etc. It felt like an amazing feat. (little did we know how the first week would turn out) 

    My goal was to do it on a shoe-string out of a garage and it had no internal involvement from Avusa HQ. (a brave move on their part) 

    In fact I was paying people on my credit card at a stage to avoid delays on the usual corporate red tape.

    In hindsight we should have taken an extra couple of weeks and mitigated risk on tech. 

    Another issue was that these kind of things need focus – dedicated focus. In a corporate where you have many other things on the go that is hard to achieve despite your best efforts. 

    2.) When we tested with our Indian partners everything worked 100% running on a single server. At launch we load-balanced across two servers and that is were the code all came unhinged. All aspects around logins, caching, payments went belly up – which invited (and rightfully so) a barrage of attack from the social media community. We took the risk and paid. 

    Other sites had the luxury of launching in obscurity and slowly building up via user feedback making incremental improvements. The big-bang approach was necessary at that stage in the game but always a major risk.  

    Honestly I thought in the first week we would have to issue a release in week 1 to say we failed. It was one of the hardest weeks of my life. We just kept saying “eye of the tiger” and fighting fire after fire ignoring the abuse from the sidelines and focussing on the goal. The team spirit got us through. 

    A local tech company stepped into help us but in the end it was too late. Our tech partners had used PHP cake as a framework and implemented it badly with the separation of logic and essentially it was a minefield for new developers to deal with. 

    3.) So you can imagine we had a young team who thought they would be rock-stars suddenly dealing with all of this external and internal pressure. I commend them for doing this well while us senior guys took it on the chin. I have to say despite the outcome I am proud of the team and would work with them again gladly on other future projects. Ironically we all had a lot of fun and learned so much about this space and start-up challenges. 

    Also though we had some unhappy customers on the whole I think we did our very best to put the customers first when mistakes were made. This definitely was a priority. 

    The sales team also exhibited great INTEGRITY out in the field. Our attitude was to always look for a win-win and not deceive suppliers for the sake of a deal. They did this with flying colours and I am proud of their conduct since this is a space where one can easily take advantage. 

    4.) On the value of print – yes print is not a great driver of traffic but it is good for brand. BUT the key strategy there was when talking to restaurant owners etc who are skeptical about online, print and our brands such as Sunday Times and Times is something they understand. As a result it made getting deals easier and we never had an unhappy supplier. Even if their deals did not sell they got to be in the paper – which made them happy. 

    5.) On marketing – We also as publishers were not that sharp on optimising performance marketing for retail which is a specific skill. I think we learnt much around that topic but it would have been better to get out of the blocks with that mindset. 

    6.) The quality of our deals were not good enough. And for that matter I see that as an industry issue. Nobody has adequately nailed this. Us senior guys did not have the capacity to go out and do the BIG deals we needed to be doing.  There is not enough skin in the game for the supplier. 

    7.) I will be 100% open and say that on net  this project costs us R1.5m  (from the first to last paperclip all costs included) – which in this game is negligible. Less than some of the more aggressive players are spending a month on marketing acquisition costs.   I am sure most of the other players have burnt past that a long time ago. We wanted to get a taste before we went overboard and made a really expensive mistake. I don’t want to the be group-buying site who burns R10m+ and shuts shop. 

    You may say this is a case of being half pregnant but …..

    The reason we took a non-aggressive approach was because it was touted to be a gold-mine and we were always not sure about that. We wanted to test the water though the mistakes we made did not allow us to do that adequately. 

    It’s a hard and dirty business having to go and get those deals and manage customer service. Much more than putting up a site. It is a lot harder than it seemed. 

    Overall, I have no regrets whatsoever. 

    Elan

  • http://twitter.com/elanlohmann elanlohmann

    Taking this to a personal level is petty and not cool. There is much I could say about that comment but frankly it is not worth it.   

  • http://twitter.com/elanlohmann elanlohmann

    Taking this to a personal level is petty and not cool. There is much I could say about that comment but frankly it is not worth it.

  • http://twitter.com/elanlohmann elanlohmann

    Sorry those were meant to be responses to @NoahB

  • Anonymous

    I was one of the buyers on Zappon.  I got the fantastic deal of a 3 months of Sunday Times for R5.  At the end of the 3 months I signed up for a year!

    This doesn’t seem like it was an expensive experiment, and it had plenty of upside, so if I was an Avusa shareholder I wouldn’t be dissapointed that it was tried.  In business, if you can hit 1 home run for every 5 tries you’re doing pretty well. 

  • Monique Theron

    believe it or not, people have memories. they can connect the dots and read between the lines of corporate sweet-talking.

  • Gregg

    At the moment the group-buying market is dominated by Groupon, who seem to be buying up everything that looks like an ad space.. with their massive marketing overspend they make it tough for pretty much any competitor to really make a dent in their presence.

    I say well done to Elan and his team — they did great even though their site architecture let them down. There’s no shame in Zappon failing, it’s far better to have tried and
    failed than not tried at all.

    It’d be a terribly boring world if no-one
    started up something because they were afraid of failing, and  in my humble opinion South Africa needs more folks like Elan willing to take the risk in starting up something new and exciting.

  • NoahB

    Really “Gregg”? So for every international fad that hits, SA should roll out another clone? A media company with dwindling revenues should jump on the bandwagon just for fun? AVUSA’s management should never have entertained this project in the state the company was in, and Elan should never have suggested it when there are far more worrying problems to fix on that side, including Exclusive Books’ website that has 10 million miles to go to eat into Kalahari’s market share.

  • http://vhata.net/ Jonathan Hitchcock

    “When we tested with our Indian partners everything worked 100% running on a single server. At launch we load-balanced across two servers and that is were the code all came unhinged.”

    I am aghast.

    “But it worked on my machine” is not, and NEVER has been a good excuse for why things croak when you launch them.  Anybody worth their salt in this industry could tell you that your production cluster and your staging cluster have to be identical to avoid this sort of thing.To try and excuse yourself by claiming that you didn’t have the luxury of a slow launch and a quiet build-up is ridiculous. You knew what you were getting yourself into – most of your resources should have been put into ensuring you had a rock-solid scalable platform.

    I can’t take any of the rest of your comments seriously if you can try and slip that past us.

  • http://twitter.com/elanlohmann elanlohmann

    Jonathan, you are right. We took a risk. I did not pay off. Lesson learnt the hard way. With the pressure of suppliers already booked and delayed and with print ads made up it was quite a production cycle. We took a leap and there you have it ….never again. 

  • http://twitter.com/elanlohmann elanlohmann

    biting my tongue right now……

  • Gregg

    If one applies that logic to everything then one could just as easily say that Google was a non-starter because the founders were running their prototype software on a pieced-together PC out of a rented garage. If people don’t go for something they think could work then the word ‘innovation’ may as well be scrapped from dictionaries.

    Sure Zappon didn’t quite make it — but what if it did? It’s very easy to throw eggs and tomatoes after the fact, what happened happened and Elan has been honest and upfront about it all. I’ve also started a project or two that didn’t quite turn the world on it’s head, and I have no doubt you have too NoahB.

  • http://www.facebook.com/people/Arno-Van-Der-Walt/619381360 Arno Van Der Walt

    As long as Avusa is still willing to take calculated risks and not shy away from new ventures then the lessons learned would be worth it. 

  • Rowan

    Agreed, R100k would be more like it to get something like Zappon started.

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